New Zealand Law Society - Supervision most common community-based sentence

Supervision most common community-based sentence

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Supervision is the most common community-based sentence, making up 27% of community-based sentences and orders at 31 December 2019.

Information provided by the Department of Corrections shows that community work has declined in importance as a sentence or order since 2010. At 31 December 2010, it made up 52.9% of sentences or orders. At 31 December 2019 it made up 24.9%, but was still the second-most prevalent. An individual offender can be serving more than one sentence or order at any time.

Community-based sentences and orders by type, at 31 December
Type201920182010
Supervision27.0%27.0%17.1%
Community Work24.9%26.7%52.9%
Intensive Supervision16.1%13.5%6.0%
Released on Conditions9.7%11.4%8.1%
Parole9.2%8.1%4.7%
Home Detention Sentence5.6%5.7%4.0%
Post Detention Condition4.5%4.7%3.0%
Community Detention1.3%1.3%3.8%
Returning Offender Order0.9%0.9%0.0%
Extended Supervision0.8%0.7%0.4%
Fall in total

The number of community-based sentences and orders has fallen by 23% since 2010. The key driver has been a 28% fall in total community-based sentences, while orders have remained relatively constant.

Total community-based sentences and orders, at 31 December
Nature201920182010
Sentences26,87628,02437,365
Orders7,3937,8697,227
Total34,26935,89344,592
Regional

The highest number of community-based sentences and orders by area at 31 December 2019 was in Manukau, making up 12.9% of all sentences and 13.1% of all orders

Sentences and orders by area, 31 December 2019
AreaSentencesOrders% Sentences% Orders
Auckland19876377.4%8.6%
Bay of Plenty15433995.7%5.4%
Canterbury24516829.1%9.2%
East Coast19654857.3%6.6%
Manukau345897012.9%13.1%
Nelson/West Coast10241673.8%2.3%
Otago9722793.6%3.8%
Southland/Cent Otago7041692.6%2.3%
Taitokerau15745095.9%6.9%
Taupo/Rotorua14614495.4%6.1%
Waikato278285010.4%11.5%
Wairarapa/Manawatu15784185.9%5.7%
Waitemata23025438.6%7.3%
Wellington18374446.8%6.0%
Whanganui/Taranaki12383924.6%5.3%
Most serious offence

Information on the most serious offence shows that violent offences resulted in a quarter of community-based sentences and orders at 31 December 2019. The information for 31 December 2010 is presented differently for a number of categories.

Community-based offenders by most serious offence type, 31 December
Offence201920182010
Violence24.9%22.9%22.3%
Traffic23.4%20.5%23.1%
Dishonesty13.0%11.3%19.1%
Other12.5%20.8%19.1%
Drugs7.6%7.2%8.2%
Burglary6.2%6.1% 
Breaches4.6%4.1% 
Sexual3.6%3.2%2.2%
Weapons2.6%2.2% 
Property Damage1.6%1.7%1.7%
Justice (Misc)  19.1%
Property Abuses  1.3%
Adminstrative  2.6%
Ethnicity

Information on the ethnicity of those upon whom community-based sentences and orders had been imposed shows a gradual increase in those of Māori ethnicity, to make up almost 47% of all offenders at 31 December 2019.

Community-based offenders by ethnicity, 31 December
Ethnicity201920182010
Māori46.8%44.6%43.9%
European33.7%32.3%37.1%
Pacific10.3%9.6%9.9%
Unknown5.2%10.0%6.6%
Other (incl Asian)4.0%3.5%2.5%
Age

Just under one-third of community-based sentences and orders at 31 December 2019 had been imposed on people aged between 30 and 39. Information at 31 December 2010 has been provided in a different format and is not included.

Community-based offenders by age group, 31 December
Age Group201920182010
Under 203.1%4.0%NA
20 to 2415.1%16.6%NA
25 to 2919.6%20.7%NA
30 to 3931.7%30.1%NA
40 to 4917.8%17.0%NA
50 to 599.3%8.5%NA
60 and above3.4%3.0%NA
Gender

The proportion of community-based offenders by gender has remained constant over the past decade, with men making up around 80%. The descriptors are those used by the Department of Corrections.

Community-based offenders by gender, 31 December
Gender201920182010
Male80.0%79.8%79.6%
Female20.0%20.0%20.2%
Unknown 0.1%0.1%
"Indeterminate" 0.1%0.1%
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